C-Corp vs. LLC for Acq.: Weighing QSBS Benefits and Tax Considerations

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August 27, 2024

by a searcher in New York, NY, USA

I’m nearing the acquisition of a company and need to decide between forming an LLC or a C-Corp. I’m leaning towards a C-Corp due to the potential benefits of QSBS, but I want to ensure my thinking is correct.   For a C-Corp, the federal tax rate is 21%, and the state corporate tax rate is 7.5%, resulting in a combined tax rate of 28.5%. When considering the second layer of taxation on distributions (assuming a 20% tax on dividends), the effective tax rate rises to 42.8%.   For an LLC, I initially assumed a 37% federal tax rate based on the highest marginal rate for individuals. Although this isn’t the effective rate, I felt it was reasonable since most investors are likely high earners. Adding a 4.25% state tax, the total LLC tax rate would be around 41.25%. This suggests that a C-Corp could result in about 1.55% higher taxes compared to an LLC, but with the potential long-term benefits of QSBS.   A few assumptions I’m making: 1. C-Corp distributions to equity holders are taxed at 20%. Is this accurate? 2. Distributions would go to equity investors with a 1x liquidation preference, which is PIKing at 8%, and would be used to pay them back. Given this analysis, doesn't the C-Corp structure seem more advantageous overall? Am I missing anything?   Additional Context: I don’t anticipate making many distributions, as profits will primarily be used for debt repayment or M&A. I expect to make only one distribution to repay equity investors' liquidation preferences.

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Reply by a professional
from Harvard University in Lynbrook, NY 11563, USA
I literally put up a post on this here last week along with a calculator you can use to model some of this:

Post:
https://www.searchfunder.com/post/calculator-for-comparing-taxes-for-different-structures

Calculator: https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1Nm3xXxX7hxIIrmuR0XFdWbaFgbylLf9B/

Happy to discuss. redacted
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Reply by a professional
from Saint Mary's College of California in Seattle, WA, USA
I love the thought process here and some good points posted above to consider. I'd also point out a few things to consider as well: will the entity itself be in a trade and business that qualifies for QSBS treatment? If not, then I don't see a point in the C-corp structure (in general, but there are always the "it depends" conversations). Also consider the QBI deduction for pass-through entities that can reduce the taxable income from the business itself by 20% - effectively resulting in only being taxed on 80% of the pass-thru income (although, it is set to expire after 2025, but we'll see - election years are fun, huh?). Lastly, the PTET election could be taken into consideration which could result in another deduction of the state taxes at the entity level, passed through to the K-1 holders, who most likely are at the 10k cap of tax deduction on their personal returns already. That comes with another caveat (I know) in regards who the K-1 holders are as only certain members are eligible. I'm actually currently working with a client that initially set up their business as an S-corp who is now going through a tax free F-reorg to structure the business as a C-corp to take advantage of QSBS down the road. However, this does reset the holding period clock and other tests involved in QSBS treatment.
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